The response to food is highly individual
The macronutrient composition of food appears to explain only 16-32% of the glucose response to food, individual factors such as the composition, function and structure of the microbiome are much more decisive. This is evident from the PREDICT-1 study that intensively followed more than 1000 twins and non-twins (https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz037.OR31-01-19, see the full presentation here).
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) improves with probiotics and glutamine
Probiotics relieve pain and overall symptom score in IBS (IBS), concludes a meta-analysis of RCTs. However, the effectiveness does depend on the composition (https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.3072). In many cases there is also increased intestinal permeability with IBS, especially when diarrhea is in the foreground. In those cases, glutamine appears to be effective in IBS (https://gut.bmj.com/content/68/6/996).
Probiotics may be helpful in osteoporosis
The microbiome plays an important role in the gut-bone axis. Animal studies provide first evidence that probiotics have a protective effect against osteoporosis (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5710820/). In elderly people with bone fractures, supplementation with probiotics also leads to faster healing of bones and less pain (http://doi.org/10.3920/BM2016.0067).