{"id":227354,"date":"2026-08-06T12:35:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T10:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbiome-center.nl\/?p=227354"},"modified":"2026-08-06T14:51:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T12:51:18","slug":"7-immune-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbiome-center.nl\/en\/7-immune-system\/","title":{"rendered":"7: Immune system"},"content":{"rendered":"<style id=\"divi-off-canvas-hide-on-load\">\n[data-interaction-target=\"zwocqpy6qf\"] { display: none !important; }\n<\/style>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Immune system<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gut microbiome plays an important role in the education and function of the immune system and acquired immunity (1,2,3). Both antibiotics and probiotics influence the effectiveness of vaccinations (4,5) and the microbiome and certain probiotics influence the course of viral infections (6,7). It is striking that in Covid-19 patients almost one in five patients suffered from diarrhoea, vomiting, or abdominal pain (8) and that the SARS-CoV-2 virus was found in feces and in Dutch sewage (9,10,11). ). In addition, loss of sense of smell is mentioned as a symptom of Covid-19 (12). Intriguingly, this has been linked to the virus\u2019s penetration into the central nervous system, where it may also play a role in respiratory problems via the respiratory center (13,14). The gut-blood barrier and blood-brain barrier are affected by the same factors, and the microbiome plays a role (15,16). Although at first glance the microbiome does not seem to have anything to do with Covid-19, it can indeed play a role and especially immunogenically active bacteria and intestinal barrier function deserve attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>References<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1223490\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1223490<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2505<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3780\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3780<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.010<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9111175\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9111175<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00041<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00633\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00633<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/Documents\/COVID_Digestive_Symptoms_AJG_Preproof.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/Documents\/COVID_Digestive_Symptoms_AJG_Preproof.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.050<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.3786\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.3786<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/nieuws\/nieuwe-coronavirus-aangetroffen-in-rioolwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/nieuws\/nieuwe-coronavirus-aangetroffen-in-rioolwater<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.entuk.org\/loss-sense-smell-marker-covid-19-infection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.entuk.org\/loss-sense-smell-marker-covid-19-infection<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25728<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.021<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00048.2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00048.2015<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_pb_section--fixed et_section_regular et_flex_section et-interaction-target-zwocqpy6qf preset--module--divi-section--default\" data-interaction-trigger=\"7hv7hq8l9z\" data-interaction-target=\"zwocqpy6qf\" id=\"video_canvas\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_flex_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\"><div class=\"et_pb_icon_0 et_pb_icon et_pb_module et_flex_module video_close\"><span class=\"et_pb_icon_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">\uf057<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_code_0 et_pb_code et_pb_module\" id=\"microbiome_center_video_iframe\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Immune system The gut microbiome plays an important role in the education and function of the immune system and acquired immunity (1,2,3). Both antibiotics and probiotics influence the effectiveness of vaccinations (4,5) and the microbiome and certain probiotics influence the course of viral infections (6,7). It is striking that in Covid-19 patients almost one in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"doelgroep":[106],"class_list":["post-227354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","doelgroep-practitioner"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>7: Immune system - Microbiome Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"7: Immune system - Microbiome Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Immune system The gut microbiome plays an important role in the education and function of the immune system and acquired immunity (1,2,3). Both antibiotics and probiotics influence the effectiveness of vaccinations (4,5) and the microbiome and certain probiotics influence the course of viral infections (6,7). 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